Ageing and health

Key facts 

All countries face major challenges to ensure that their health and social systems are ready to make the most of this demographic shift. 

In 2050, 80% of older people will be living in low- and middle-income countries. 

The pace of population ageing is much faster than in the past. 

In 2020, the number of people aged 60 years and older outnumbered children younger than 5 years. Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22%.Global Population Ageing: Key Trends and Challenges In a significant demographic shift, countries across the globe are grappling with the task of preparing health and social systems to adapt to an increasingly ageing population. Here are the key insights: Key Demographic Shifts - Low - and Middle - Income Focus: By 2050, a striking 80% of the world’s older population will reside in low - and middle - income countries. This marks a major geographical shift in the global ageing landscape. - Accelerated Ageing Pace: The current rate of population ageing far outpaces historical trends. A notable milestone was reached in 2020, when the number of people aged 60 and above surpassed that of children under 5. Projections show that between 2015 and 2050, the global share of people over 60 will jump from 12% to 22% — nearly doubling. 

Global Ageing Overview

People are living longer worldwide, with most now anticipating a lifespan well into their sixties and beyond. Every nation is witnessing growth in both the size and proportion of older citizens. - By 2030, 1 in 6 people globally will be 60 or older. The population of this age group is set to rise from 1 billion (2020) to 1.4 billion. By 2050, it will double to 2.1 billion. - The 80 - and - older demographic is also booming: their numbers are expected to triple between 2020 and 2050, reaching 426 million. 

The Geographical Shift in Ageing What began as a trend in high - income nations (e.g., Japan, where 30% of the population is already over 60) is now most pronounced in low - and middle - income countries. By 2050, two - thirds of the world’s over - 60 population will call these regions home. Understanding Ageing Biologically, ageing stems from the long - term accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. This causes a gradual decline in physical and mental abilities, a higher disease risk, and eventually death. These changes are nonlinear and inconsistent, only loosely tied to chronological age. Beyond biology, ageing also intersects with major life transitions, adding layers to how societies must adapt. As the world navigates this demographic transformation, the focus on building robust, inclusive health and social systems has never been more critical. The coming decades will test nations’ ability to support and empower their growing older populations. 

Factors influencing healthy ageing 

Longer lifespans bring opportunities to individuals, families, and society, but health is the decisive factor. Evidence indicates extra years are often spent in poor health. Most health differences among the elderly stem from physical/social environments and personal traits, rather than genetics. Living healthily—eating well, exercising, avoiding tobacco—lowers disease risks and delays care needs. Supportive environments also enable older people to engage in meaningful activities despite capacity decline. 

Adapting to Global Change

Globalization, technology, urbanization, and other trends reshape the lives of older adults. While advancements offer new possibilities, they also pose risks. Age-friendly urban planning and digital inclusion are crucial to ensure no one is left behind. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach that values diversity, promotes equity, and adapts to a rapidly changing world.