Rehabilitation equipment: Components and functions of wheelchairs

 Wheelchairs are a means of transportation for many people, but few know about them. Here is a brief introduction to the basic knowledge of wheelchairs, hoping to offer some help when choosing one.
The components and functions of a wheelchair.Let's first take a look at the components of a wheelchair and their functions:
Grip: Also known as a handle, it is mainly used by caregivers. Sometimes it can be used by users with weaker lower back muscle strength to help them better maintain their body balance.
Rear wheel: The main driving wheel of the wheelchair, with a diameter of approximately 61 centimeters. The size of the wheel determines the difficulty of driving, and it is very easy to drive. The size of the wheels is usually similar to that of bicycle tires so that they can be easily replaced later (they can be replaced at bicycle stores). There are generally two types of wheels: inflatable and solid rubber. Generally speaking, inflatable ones have a buffering effect, which is more troublesome for people in wheelchairs. However, once a puncture occurs, it becomes more troublesome for those in wheelchairs. It is sturdy, resistant to the risk of being punctured, and does not require frequent pumping. However, when encountering bumpy roads, it is very uncomfortable for users to sit on.
Wheel ring: Also known as the hand push ring, it is an operating device used by users to drive the rear wheels. The rotation is made of different materials and shapes, depending on the patient's condition. The handwheel ring with protrusions can help people with poor grip. It is not recommended that the wheel rings be too smooth, as the friction between the hand and the wheel rings drives the rear wheel.
Braking: The braking devices of wheelchairs are divided into long handle and short handle types. The long handle is suitable for people with poor trunk balance function, those who cannot bend over to reach the brake, and those with insufficient upper limb strength can also achieve the purpose of saving effort by extending the handle. There are also front brakes and rear brakes, which depend on the condition of your upper limbs.
Front wheel: A small wheel that can freely rotate around the axis in front of the large wheel, with a diameter of 15 to 20 centimeters. The wheels come in various sizes. The large ones are easier to go up steps but more difficult to turn, while the small ones are easier to turn but more difficult to go up steps. The width of the front wheels also plays a certain role. The narrower ones tend to sink into the horizontal stripes of the gutter cover, while the wider ones increase the friction when turning. There are also inflatable and solid types.
Backrest: When choosing a wheelchair, the height and Angle of the backrest are crucial for maintaining the user's good posture. High-back wheelchairs are suitable for people with poor trunk ability. For those with good ability, the backrest should be under the scapula to avoid affecting the movement of the scapula. The tilt Angle of the backrest is generally around 15°.
Handrail: Provides support for the upper limbs. Full-length: Provides comprehensive support for the user's forearm. Half-length (table length) : The wheelchair can be closer to the tabletop. The handrails are fixed, separable and liftable, and the moving handrails are easy to transfer. The height of the handrail should be set according to one's own condition. People with poor balance of the trunk can choose a slightly higher handrail.
Cushioning: A suitable cushion can provide good positional support, effectively cushioning and distributing pressure to prevent pressure sores, which is particularly important for people with poor hip sensation. There are various types of MATS: inflatable MATS, gel MATS, foam MATS and mixed MATS. Generally speaking, the selection of cushions needs to be made by an occupational therapist after pressure measurement.
The seat: The width and depth that are suitable for the user's support are appropriate. After sitting upright, the width from the side panels on both sides of the buttocks is generally about 3 to 5 centimeters. The seat size is moderate, which is convenient for passing through narrow passages. The depth should be such that you sit upright and do not push to the back of your knees (popliteal fossa). The front edge of the seat is 5 centimeters away from the popliteal fossa.
Wheelchair stands: They can be divided into cross stands and fixed stands. Cross stands, also known as folding stands, are convenient for storage and transportation. Fixed bracket: Provides excellent stability and is easy to move forward.
Leg band: Provides support for the lower legs to prevent the feet from sliding backward from the footrests.

Foot pedals: Provide support for the feet and calves, and are available in fixed, rotating, detachable and upward-lifting types. The length of the pedals should be approximately the same as the lower leg (minus the thickness of the cushion, note to subtract the thickness of the saddle), and the pedals should be at least 5 centimeters off the ground.In addition to the basic components of a wheelchair, it also has some accessories.

I will briefly introduce them to you as well:

Wheelchair table: It can be used for eating, reading, etc. It is mainly used by people with poor trunk control.

Heel ring: Connected to the rear of the pedal to position the foot and prevent it from slipping.

Anti-overturning device: Added to the rear wheels close to the ground to prevent the wheelchair from overturning backward. This also limits the use of wheelchair technology and allows it to be used as an option.
Wheelchair bandage: A chest protector for people with poor balance to prevent them from slipping off the wheelchair.
Wheelchair bag, wheelchair bag: Convenient for travel and carrying items.
Wheelchair gloves: Increase the friction when driving a wheelchair and protect hands.
Wheel ring sweat-proof band: The same as the sweat-proof band of a badminton racket, it increases friction, absorbs sweat and protects hands.